{"id":5683,"date":"2026-04-02T16:29:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T14:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/?page_id=5683"},"modified":"2026-06-04T07:43:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T05:43:02","slug":"paper-opacity-gsm-egypt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/paper-opacity-gsm-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5683\" class=\"elementor elementor-5683\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f63d3 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4f63d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4c7496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4c7496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac176c e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ac176c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4e3313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4e3313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong><b>1. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong><\/h2><p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0634 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 100 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 100 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 120 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2.<\/p><p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0641\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628: \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 - \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647.<\/p><p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064c\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><h2><strong><b>2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2><p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 100% \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 80% \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 ISO 2471\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 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width=\"150\">95% \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642<\/td><td width=\"200\">\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/td><td width=\"546\">\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"150\">90\u201394%<\/td><td width=\"200\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td><td width=\"546\">\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 96% \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 96% \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 88% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 92% \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 94%.<\/p><h2><strong><b>3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2><p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d GSM \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 GSM\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649).<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91.5% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 80 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u064893% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 90 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u064894.5% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 100 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u064896.5% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 120 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 92% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 90 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 94% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 100 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 95.5% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 115 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 97% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 130 \u063a\/\u0645\u00b2.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 93 \u064895% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 80 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p><p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 - \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 5\u00d75 \u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0647. \u0627\u0637\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0627\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 5% \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p><h2><strong><b>8. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639: \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a GSM<\/b><\/strong><\/h2><p><em><i>\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 ISO 2471 | \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 - \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/i><\/em><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"180\"><strong><b>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/b><\/strong><\/td><td width=\"110\"><strong><b>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 GSM<\/b><\/strong><\/td><td width=\"160\"><strong><b>\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 %<\/b><\/strong><\/td><td width=\"150\"><strong><b>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/b><\/strong><\/td><td width=\"220\"><strong><b>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/b><\/strong><\/td><td width=\"120\"><strong><b>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647<\/td><td width=\"110\">60-70 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">85\u201389%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647<\/td><td width=\"110\">75-80 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">90\u201393%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647<\/td><td width=\"110\">90-100 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">93\u201396%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645<\/td><td width=\"110\">70-80 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">92\u201395%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 - \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 - \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\/\u0645\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td><td width=\"110\">90-115 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">92\u201395%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a<\/td><td width=\"110\">115-150 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">94\u201397%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"180\">\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/td><td width=\"110\">45-52 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td><td width=\"160\">78\u201384%<\/td><td width=\"150\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><td width=\"220\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><td width=\"120\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><em><i>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 2-4 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM). \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/i><\/em><\/p><h2><strong><b>9. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/b><\/strong><\/h2><p>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 93%\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (GSM) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p><ol><li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 2 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/b><\/strong>\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/li><li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 GSM.<\/b><\/strong>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 2471<\/li><li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (GSM)\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646.<\/b><\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li><\/ol><p><strong><b>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642:<\/p><p>\u2610 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 % \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 GSM.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 ISO 2471 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629).<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 90% \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 GSM.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636&quot; \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 - \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 75-80 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 80 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 90 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 100 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 - \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p><p>\u2610 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p><p><strong><b>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0647<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>For text-heavy commercial and publishing jobs: explore our<a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/product-category\/woodfree-uncoated\/\"> \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 <\/a>range<\/li><li>For planning trim sizes, sheet formats, and bleed: refer to our <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/printing-paper-sizes-cm\/\">printing paper sizes<\/a> guide<\/li><li>For bulk supply of any paper grade discussed in this guide, see our <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/paper-wholesale-egypt\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a> \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647<\/li><li>For quick GSM and ream weight calculations, visit our <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/tools-calculators\/\">\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>ISO 2471: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 - \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629) - \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631<\/li><li>TAPPI T425: \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 15\/d\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 A\/2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 89% \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/li><li>\u062f\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 - \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li><li>\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0645\u0648: \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/li><li>\u0625\u0643\u0633-\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \/ \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0648: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7d9b4 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cf7d9b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e77005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4e77005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.bfaq-section{max-width:860px;margin:40px auto;padding:0 20px;font-family:inherit}\r\n.bfaq-section h2{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#D4AF37;margin-bottom:24px;border-bottom:2px solid #D4AF37;padding-bottom:10px}\r\n.bfaq-item{border:1px solid #2a2a2a;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:12px;overflow:hidden;background:#1a1a2e}\r\n.bfaq-question{width:100%;background:none;border:none;padding:16px 20px;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;color:#e8edf5;font-size:15px;font-weight:600}\r\n.bfaq-question:hover{background:#252540}\r\n.bfaq-icon{font-size:20px;color:#D4AF37;transition:transform 0.3s;flex-shrink:0;margin-left:12px}\r\n.bfaq-answer{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height 0.4s ease;padding:0 20px}\r\n.bfaq-answer p{padding:12px 0 16px;color:#b0bec5;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0}\r\n.bfaq-item.open .bfaq-icon{transform:rotate(45deg)}\r\n.bfaq-item.open .bfaq-answer{max-height:300px}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"bfaq-section\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\r\n\r\n  <h2>Frequently Asked Questions \u2014 Paper Opacity & GSM in Egypt<\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"bfaq-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n    <button class=\"bfaq-question\" onclick=\"bfaqToggle(this)\">\r\n      <span itemprop=\"name\">What GSM paper should I use to prevent show-through in double-sided printing?<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"bfaq-icon\">+<\/span>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"bfaq-answer\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n      <p itemprop=\"text\">For double-sided printing, use a minimum of 90 GSM woodfree offset paper. At 80 GSM show-through is noticeable under strong light. For books and publications, 90\u2013100 GSM provides reliable opacity without excessive weight.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"bfaq-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n    <button class=\"bfaq-question\" onclick=\"bfaqToggle(this)\">\r\n      <span itemprop=\"name\">Is higher GSM always better for opacity?<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"bfaq-icon\">+<\/span>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"bfaq-answer\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n      <p itemprop=\"text\">Not always. Opacity depends on both GSM and the paper's filler content and formation. Some 80 GSM papers with high calcium carbonate filler outperform cheaper 90 GSM papers. Always check the opacity specification (ideally 90%+) rather than relying on GSM alone.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"bfaq-item\" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\r\n    <button class=\"bfaq-question\" onclick=\"bfaqToggle(this)\">\r\n      <span itemprop=\"name\">Which Brotherhood Paper grades offer the best opacity for publishing?<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"bfaq-icon\">+<\/span>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n    <div class=\"bfaq-answer\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\r\n      <p itemprop=\"text\">Soporset and Champion woodfree grades at 90\u2013100 GSM offer excellent opacity for books and educational publishing. Contact Brotherhood Paper at our El-Fagala branch or via WhatsApp for grade specifications and pricing.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\nfunction bfaqToggle(btn){\r\n  var item=btn.parentElement;\r\n  var isOpen=item.classList.contains('open');\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('.bfaq-item').forEach(function(el){el.classList.remove('open');});\r\n  if(!isOpen){item.classList.add('open');}\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Opacity vs. Weight: Stop Show-Through Without Overspending 1. The Show-Through Problem \u2014 and Why It Costs You Money In the Egyptian printing market, every piastre counts. For procurement managers and print buyers in Cairo, the most common reflex when faced with show-through \u2014 where text or images on the back of a page are visible from the front \u2014 is to simply increase the paper weight. If 80 gsm shows the reverse side, move to 100 gsm. If 100 gsm still shows through, try 120 gsm. But this &#8216;heavier is better&#8217; reflex is one of the primary causes of budget overruns in commercial print jobs in Egypt. Increasing GSM unnecessarily inflates paper costs, increases shipping weights, complicates binding, and \u2014 crucially \u2014 often still does not fully solve the problem. The reason: GSM and opacity are not the same thing, and they are not directly proportional. Understanding the difference between them \u2014 and knowing which paper properties actually control show-through \u2014 will let you specify the right paper the first time, without paying for weight you do not need. This guide is written for buyers and designers sourcing paper in Egypt, where the range of locally available and imported stocks means paper opacity GSM Egypt specifications vary considerably between suppliers and grades. The numbers here are practical working figures, not theoretical ideals. 2. What Is Opacity and How Is It Measured? Opacity is the paper&#8217;s ability to prevent light \u2014 and therefore the image on its reverse side \u2014 from showing through. It is expressed as a percentage. A paper with 100% opacity is completely opaque. A paper at 80% opacity transmits enough light that the reverse side is clearly visible. The standard measurement is ISO 2471, which compares the reflectance of a single sheet backed by a black body to the reflectance of an opaque pad of the same paper. The result is the contrast ratio, expressed as a percentage. In practical terms: Opacity % Show-Through Level Suitable For 95% and above Negligible Most commercial print applications \u2014 brochures, premium books 90\u201394% Acceptable Standard double-sided work; may show slight ghost on heavy ink coverage 85\u201389% Noticeable Fine for single-sided work only; avoid for duplex text or image jobs Below 85% Obvious Newsprint-style applications or single-sided printing only Key distinction: Brightness tells you how white the paper looks. Opacity tells you how much it blocks show-through. High brightness does not mean high opacity. Always check both figures separately on the datasheet. This distinction matters especially in Egypt, where high-brightness &#8216;Blue-White&#8217; papers are strongly preferred by clients. To achieve that brilliant white appearance, mills add Optical Brightening Agents (OBAs). These chemicals reflect more light and make the paper look whiter \u2014 but they do not improve opacity and in some formulations can slightly reduce it. If a supplier quotes you brightness of 96% as a proxy for quality, ask for the opacity figure separately. A 96% brightness paper at 88% opacity will show through more than a 92% brightness paper at 94% opacity. 3. What Is Paper Weight (GSM) and Its Relationship to Opacity? GSM stands for grams per square metre \u2014 the mass of one square metre of the paper. Higher GSM means more material, which in general means the sheet is thicker and (all else being equal) more opaque. The relationship between GSM and opacity is real but it is not linear and it is not reliable across different paper grades. Published product data shows the pattern clearly: one woodfree uncoated offset sheet lists opacity around 91.5% at 80 gsm, 93% at 90 gsm, 94.5% at 100 gsm, and 96.5% at 120 gsm. A coated fine paper datasheet shows a similar pattern, moving from 92% at 90 gsm to 94% at 100 gsm, 95.5% at 115 gsm, and 97% at 130 gsm. However \u2014 and this is the key point \u2014 a high-opacity woodfree sheet engineered with higher filler loading can achieve 93\u201395% opacity at 80 gsm, while a standard 80 gsm woodfree from a different mill sits at 90\u201391%. Same GSM. Very different opacity. This is why opacity vs weight paper comparisons must always be made within the same paper category and with the actual opacity figure from the datasheet. 4. Why Heavier Paper Does Not Always Mean More Opacity This is the most important thing to understand before placing a paper order based on show-through concerns. Adding GSM to a sheet means adding more of whatever that paper is made of. If the paper is a standard commodity woodfree sheet, adding more of the same formulation does increase opacity \u2014 but inefficiently. Going from 80 gsm to 100 gsm on a standard woodfree might take you from 91% to 93% opacity \u2014 a 2-percentage-point gain at 25% more paper cost. Contrast that with switching to a purpose-engineered high-opacity stock at 80 gsm: you may achieve 94% opacity without adding any weight at all. The difference is in what the manufacturer added to the sheet \u2014 not how much of it there is. If a paper is heavily calendered (pressed extremely flat for smoothness), the air pockets between the fibres are removed. This makes the paper thinner and more transparent, even if the GSM remains high. Conversely, a high-bulk paper contains more air between fibres, which scatters light and increases opacity without adding weight or cost. Real-world example from Egyptian print buying: A Cairo textbook printer switched from standard 80 gsm uncoated to a high-opacity 75 gsm offset. Opacity went from 91% to 93%, paper cost dropped by approximately 8% per tonne, and finished book weight fell \u2014 reducing courier costs. The only change was the paper specification, not the press setup. 5. The Key Factors That Affect Opacity Beyond GSM Filler Content: Calcium Carbonate and Kaolin Paper mills add mineral fillers to the furnish \u2014 the liquid mixture from which paper is formed \u2014 to improve optical properties, including opacity. The most common fillers in Egyptian and imported papers are: Produces high brightness and excellent opacity.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Paper Opacity &amp; GSM Guide Egypt | Brotherhood Paper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand paper opacity GSM Egypt \u2014 stop show-through without buying heavier stock. Practical guide with opacity targets by application.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/brotherhoodpaper.com\/ar\/paper-opacity-gsm-egypt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paper Opacity &amp; GSM Guide Egypt | Brotherhood Paper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand paper opacity GSM Egypt \u2014 stop show-through without buying heavier stock. 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